Spring Planting Guide: What to Grow First for a Thriving Garden

As winter fades and the days begin to warm, it's time to start planning your spring garden. Knowing what to plant first ensures a successful growing season, whether you're a beginner or a seasoned gardener. This guide will help you determine the best early crops to plant, soil preparation tips, and how to extend your harvest well into summer.

Understanding Your Planting Zone

Before planting anything, it’s crucial to understand your USDA hardiness zone or local climate. The last frost date plays a significant role in deciding when to plant. Some vegetables and flowers tolerate cool temperatures, while others need warm soil to thrive.

For most regions, early spring crops should be cold-hardy and able to withstand light frosts. If your area experiences unpredictable frosts, consider using row covers, cold frames, or cloches to protect tender seedlings.

Best Vegetables to Plant First in Spring

1. Peas

Peas are among the earliest crops to plant because they thrive in cool soil. They can be sown directly in the ground as soon as the soil is workable, often 4-6 weeks before the last frost date. Sugar snap peas, snow peas, and shelling peas are all great choices.

Tips:

Use a trellis for support.

Soak seeds overnight before planting to speed up germination.

2. Lettuce and Leafy Greens

Greens like lettuce, spinach, arugula, and Swiss chard grow best in cool weather. They can be planted as soon as the soil is thawed and reach maturity quickly, allowing for multiple harvests.

Tips:

Plant in succession every two weeks for continuous harvests.

Provide shade as temperatures rise to prevent bolting.

3. Radishes

Radishes are one of the fastest-growing spring crops, maturing in as little as 3-4 weeks. They thrive in cool soil and can be planted directly in the garden.

Tips:

Thin seedlings to allow proper root growth.

Try companion planting with carrots or lettuce to maximize space.

4. Carrots

Carrots need cool soil to germinate but take longer to mature. Plant them early and keep the soil consistently moist to encourage good root development.

Tips:

Use sandy, well-draining soil for straighter roots.

Mulch lightly to retain moisture and prevent weeds.

5. Onions and Garlic

Onions and garlic can be planted in early spring, though garlic is typically planted in fall for the best results. Onion sets (small bulbs) are easier to grow than seeds and will mature faster.

Tips:

Keep soil consistently moist but not waterlogged.

Plant in full sun for optimal growth.

6. Broccoli and Cabbage

Cruciferous vegetables like broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower, and Brussels sprouts are cool-season crops that can be transplanted outdoors a few weeks before the last frost.

Tips:

Protect young plants from pests like cabbage worms using row covers.

Space plants properly to allow for large heads to form.

7. Potatoes

Potatoes can be planted early as long as the soil is at least 45°F (7°C). They grow best in loose, well-draining soil.

Tips:

Cut seed potatoes into chunks with at least one “eye” and let them dry for a day before planting.

Hill soil around plants as they grow to protect tubers from sunlight.

Best Herbs to Plant in Early Spring

1. Chives

Chives are a hardy perennial that can withstand chilly temperatures. They add great flavor to dishes and also attract pollinators.

2. Parsley

Parsley can be started indoors or sown directly in the garden once the ground is workable. It’s a slow germinator, so patience is key.

3. Cilantro

Cilantro grows best in cool weather and bolts quickly once it gets hot. Plant early for a continuous supply.

Flowers to Plant in Early Spring

Planting cold-hardy flowers alongside vegetables helps attract pollinators and deter pests. Some great options include:

Pansies – Tolerant of frost and bloom early.

Snapdragons – Thrive in cool temperatures.

Daffodils & Tulips – Best if planted in the fall, but they bloom early in spring.

Soil Preparation Tips for Early Planting

Before planting, ensure your soil is healthy and well-prepared:

1. Test Your Soil – Use a soil test kit to check pH and nutrient levels. Most vegetables prefer a slightly acidic to neutral pH (6.0-7.0).

2. Add Organic Matter – Compost, aged manure, or organic fertilizers improve soil structure and fertility.

3. Loosen the Soil – Cold soil can be compacted. Use a garden fork or tiller to aerate and prevent drainage issues.

4. Mulch for Warmth – A layer of straw or shredded leaves can help insulate the soil and retain moisture.

How to Extend Your Growing Season

Spring weather can be unpredictable, but there are ways to protect and extend your growing seasons

Use Row Covers – Lightweight fabric protects plants from frost and pests.

Cold Frames or Hoop Houses – These mini-greenhouses create a warm microclimate.

Start Seeds Indoors – This gives plants a head start before transplanting outdoors.

Final Thoughts

Starting your garden early in spring sets the stage for a bountiful harvest. By planting cold-hardy crops first, preparing your soil properly, and using season-extending techniques, you can enjoy fresh homegrown produce long before summer arrives.

What are your favorite spring crops to plant first? Share your experiences in the comments!